• Home
  • About
  • Belong
  • Thrive
  • Become
  • Podcast
  • FAQs
  • Contact
  • More
    • Home
    • About
    • Belong
    • Thrive
    • Become
    • Podcast
    • FAQs
    • Contact
  • Home
  • About
  • Belong
  • Thrive
  • Become
  • Podcast
  • FAQs
  • Contact

You belong.

 In the grand puzzle of science, your unique insights and contributions drive progress. Embrace your role with confidence, knowing that the puzzle remains incomplete without your piece. 

"The scientific path is confusing. How do I even start?""I don't feel like I belong in science."

"The scientific path is confusing. How do I even start?"

  Are you interested in science, but find the path to becoming a scientist confusing? 

Knowing about the different science majors is a great start. Here, you'll find a description of the 25 most common science majors and professions.

Sources: NCES, AIP, ACS, U.S. BLS, NSF

Description: The study of celestial objects and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere. It involves understanding the formation, evolution, and dynamics of stars, planets, galaxies, and the universe as a whole.


Common Professions:

  • Astronomer: Conducts research on celestial bodies and cosmic phenomena using telescopes and other tools.
  • Astrophysicist: Studies the physical properties of objects in space and the universe's fundamental forces.
  • Observatory Technician: Maintains and operates telescopes and other astronomical equipment.
  • Planetary Scientist: Investigates planets, moons, and other objects in the solar system.
  • Space Scientist: Researches space environments and the potential for extraterrestrial life.

 

Related Majors: Physics, Space Science, Engineering Physics 


Description: The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. It encompasses various subfields such as genetics, ecology, and microbiology.


Common Professions:

  • Biologist: Studies organisms and their relationships to their environments.
  • Geneticist: Researches genes, heredity, and genetic variation.
  • Ecologist: Examines ecosystems and the interactions between organisms and their environments.
  • Microbiologist: Studies microorganisms and their effects on humans, animals, plants, and the environment.
  • Biotechnologist: Applies biological processes to develop technologies and products. 
  • Laboratory Technician: Performs experiments and analyzes biological samples in a lab setting.
  • Environmental Consultant: Advises on how biological factors impact environmental projects and regulations.


 Related Majors: Genetics, Ecology, Biomedical Science, Zoology


Description: Focuses on the application of biological and physiological principles to clinical medicine and research.


Common Professions:

  • Biomedical Scientist: Conducts research to understand disease mechanisms and develop new treatments.
  • Clinical Researcher: Designs and oversees clinical trials to test new medical treatments and interventions.
  • Laboratory Technician: Conducts experiments and analyzes data related to medical and biological research.


Related Majors: Biology, Biotechnology, Health Sciences


Description: The use of computational tools to analyze and interpret biological data, especially in genomics and molecular biology.


Common Professions:

  • Bioinformatician: Analyzes biological data using software and algorithms to support research and development.
  • Computational Biologist: Develops models and simulations to study biological systems and processes.
  • Data Scientist: Manages and interprets large datasets to uncover insights in biological research.


Related Majors: Genetics, Computer Science, Molecular Biology


Description: Involves the use of living organisms or their systems to develop or make products and technologies for various applications, including medicine, agriculture, and industry. It combines biology with technology to solve problems and improve processes.


Common Professions:

  • Biotechnologist: Develops and applies biological processes and products, such as pharmaceuticals and biofuels.
  • Genetic Engineer: Modifies the genetic material of organisms to achieve desired traits or produce products.
  • Clinical Research Scientist: Conducts research to develop and test new medical treatments and therapies.
  • Bioinformatics Specialist: Uses computational tools to analyze and interpret biological data.
  • Regulatory Affairs Specialist: Ensures that biotechnological products comply with regulations and standards.


 Related Majors: Biology, Biomedical Science, Chemical Engineering 


Description: The study of matter, its properties, how it interacts with other matter, and how it changes. It includes organic, inorganic, physical, and analytical chemistry.

Common Professions:

  • Chemist: Studies the composition and properties of substances and their reactions.
  • Pharmacist: Prepares and dispenses medications, often working with chemists to ensure drug efficacy.
  • Chemical Engineer: Designs and operates chemical processes and manufacturing systems.
  • Analytical Chemist: Uses instruments and techniques to analyze substances.
  • Materials Scientist: Studies and develops new materials with specific properties.
  • Environmental Engineer: Applies chemical engineering principles to environmental protection and pollution control. 
  •  Forensic Scientist: Applies chemistry principles to analyze evidence from crime scenes.


 Related Majors: Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Materials Science


Description: The study of computational systems, software, and algorithms.


Common Professions:

  • Software Developer: Designs, codes, and tests software applications and systems.
  • Data Scientist: Analyzes complex data sets to provide insights and support decision-making.
  • Systems Analyst: Assesses and improves computer systems and processes to meet organizational needs.


Related Majors: Mathematics, Cybersecurity, Data Science


Description: The study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on ecosystems and biodiversity.


Common Professions:

  • Ecologist: Studies ecosystems and species interactions to understand environmental processes and inform conservation efforts.
  • Conservation Biologist: Works to protect and restore endangered species and habitats.
  • Field Technician: Collects data and samples in natural environments to support ecological research.


Related Majors: Environmental Science, Biology, Environmental Studies.


Description: The study of chemical processes and substances in the environment and their effects on ecosystems and human health.


Common Professions:

  • Environmental Chemist: Investigates chemical pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health.
  • Analytical Chemist: Measures and analyzes environmental contaminants in air, water, and soil.
  • Toxicologist: Studies the effects of chemicals on living organisms and ecosystems.


Related Majors: Chemistry, Environmental Science, Environmental Engineering.


Description: The study of environmental systems and the impact of human activities on the environment, aiming to find solutions for sustainability.


Common Professions:

  • Environmental Scientist: Analyzes environmental data to develop strategies for pollution control and resource management.
  • Conservationist: Works to protect and sustain natural habitats and biodiversity.
  • Policy Analyst: Develops and evaluates policies related to environmental protection and sustainability.


Related Majors: Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Earth Science.


Description: The study of the distribution, determinants, and control of diseases and health conditions within populations.


Common Professions:

  • Epidemiologist: Investigates patterns and causes of diseases to inform public health strategies and interventions.
  • Clinical Research Coordinator: Manages clinical trials and studies related to epidemiological research, ensuring adherence to protocols.
  • Biostatistician: Analyzes data from medical research and epidemiological studies to identify trends and support decision-making.


Related Majors: Public Health, Biostatistics, Medicine.


Description: The application of scientific principles to design, build, and maintain systems, structures, and devices across various disciplines.


Common Professions:

  • Mechanical Engineer: Designs, develops, and tests mechanical systems and devices, such as engines and machinery.
  • Civil Engineer: Plans and oversees construction projects related to infrastructure, including buildings, roads, and bridges.
  • Electrical Engineer: Designs and works on electrical systems and components, including power generation and electronic devices.


Related Majors: Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science.


Description: The study of the physical, biological, and chemical properties of food, including its production, processing, and safety.


Common Professions:

  • Food Scientist: Develops and improves food products, ensuring quality and safety standards.
  • Quality Control Specialist: Monitors and tests food products to ensure they meet regulatory and quality standards.
  • Product Developer: Designs new food products and improves existing ones based on consumer needs and market trends.


Related Majors: Nutrition, Biochemistry, Agricultural Science.


Description: The study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in organisms. 


Common Professions: Geneticist, Genetic Counselor, Molecular Biologist, Research Scientist, Bioinformatics Specialist.

  • Geneticist: Investigates genetic disorders, inheritance patterns, and gene functions to advance medical knowledge and therapies.
  • Genetic Counselor: Provides guidance on genetic conditions and inheritance, helping individuals understand their genetic risks and options.
  • Molecular Biologist: Studies molecular processes within cells, including gene expression and regulation, to understand biological functions.
  • Research Scientist: Conducts experiments and research to explore genetic mechanisms and applications in various fields.
  • Bioinformatics Specialist: Analyzes genetic data using computational tools to identify patterns and insights relevant to research and clinical applications.


 Related Majors: Biology, Biomedical Science, Bioinformatics. 


Description: The study of the Earth’s solid materials, including rocks, minerals, and the processes that shape the Earth's structure over time. It involves understanding the formation, composition, and changes of Earth's crust and its processes, such as volcanism, erosion, and plate tectonics.


Common Professions:

  • Geologist: Studies Earth's materials and processes to understand its history and predict future geological events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
  • Petroleum Geologist: Explores and analyzes subsurface rock formations to locate and extract oil and natural gas resources.
  • Environmental Geologist: Assesses the impact of geological factors on environmental issues, such as contamination and natural hazards.
  • Mining Engineer: Works with geologists to design and manage the extraction of mineral resources from the Earth.
  • Hydrogeologist: Studies groundwater and its interactions with the Earth’s geology to manage water resources and address contamination issues.


 Related Majors: Earth Science, Environmental Science, Geography. 


Description: The study of health, disease, and medical practices. This includes fields such as medicine, nursing, public health, and biomedical research.

Common Professions:

  • Physician: Diagnoses and treats illnesses and injuries, and provides medical care and guidance.
  • Nurse: Provides patient care, support, and education in various healthcare settings.
  • Public Health Specialist: Works on improving community health through education, policy, and research.
  • Biomedical Researcher: Researches to understand diseases and develop treatments.
  • Pharmacist: Dispenses medications and offers advice on their proper use and effects.
  • Health Educator: Develops and implements programs to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent disease.
  • Healthcare Administrator: Manages healthcare facilities and oversees operations, ensuring efficient delivery of services.
  • Clinical Research Coordinator: Oversees clinical trials and research studies, ensuring compliance with protocols and regulations.


 Related Majors: Biomedical Science, Public Health, Nursing. 


Description: The study of materials' properties and applications, including metals, polymers, and ceramics.


Common Professions:

  • Materials Scientist: Researches and develops new materials for various applications, such as electronics and construction.
  • Materials Engineer: Designs and tests materials to improve their performance and suitability for specific applications.
  • Nanotechnologist: Develops and applies nanomaterials and technologies for advanced applications.


Related Majors: Chemistry, Engineering, Physics.


Description: Focuses on the study of oceans, seas, and marine organisms. Marine Science includes physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects of marine environments.



Common Professions:

  • Marine Biologist: Studies marine organisms and their interactions with the ocean environment.
  • Marine Ecologist: Examines marine ecosystems and the effects of human activity on them.
  • Oceanographic Technician: Assists with collecting and analyzing data related to oceanic and atmospheric conditions.
  • Marine Policy Specialist: Develops and advocates for policies to protect marine resources.
  • Marine Conservationist: Works to preserve marine environments and species.
  • Oceanographer: Researches various aspects of the ocean, including marine ecosystems and ocean dynamics.
  • Physical Oceanographer: Focuses on ocean currents, waves, and other physical properties of the ocean.
  • Chemical Oceanographer: Investigates the chemical composition and processes of ocean waters.


 Related Majors: Biology, Environmental Science, Oceanography. 


Description: The application of mathematical techniques and models to understand biological systems and processes.


Common Professions:

  • Mathematical Biologist: Uses mathematical models to study biological processes, such as population dynamics and disease spread.
  • Data Scientist: Analyzes and interprets complex biological data using statistical and computational methods.
  • Quantitative Ecologist: Applies mathematical and statistical methods to ecological research and conservation.


Related Majors: Mathematics, Biology, Bioinformatics.


Description: The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns, and their relationships and applications.


Common Professions:

  • Mathematician: Develops and applies mathematical theories and techniques to solve problems and advance knowledge.
  • Statistician: Analyzes data and applies statistical methods to make informed decisions and predictions.
  • Actuary: Assesses financial risks using mathematical and statistical methods to help organizations manage uncertainty.


Related Majors: Statistics, Computer Science, Mathematical Biology.


Description: The study of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and neural networks. It explores how these components interact to influence behavior, cognition, and various neurological functions.

Common Professions:

  • Neuroscientist: Conducts research on the nervous system and its functions.
  • Neuropsychologist: Studies the relationship between brain function and behavior.
  • Neurologist: Medical doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders.
  • Neurosurgeon: Surgeon specializing in operations on the brain, spine, and nervous system.
  • Pharmacologist: Investigates how drugs affect the nervous system.
  • Clinical Researcher: Investigates new treatments and therapies for neurological and psychiatric conditions through clinical trials.


Related Majors: Psychology, Biology, Biomedical Science.


Description: The study of drug development, formulation, and testing, focusing on improving therapeutic drugs and their delivery.


Common Professions:

  • Pharmacist: Dispenses medications, provides drug information, and advises on medication management and safety.
  • Pharmaceutical Scientist: Researches and develops new medications and drug delivery systems.
  • Clinical Research Associate: Manages and monitors clinical trials to ensure the safety and efficacy of new drugs.


Related Majors: Chemistry, Biomedical Science, Biotechnology.


Physics is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature. It explores concepts such as motion, force, energy, and the fundamental particles of the universe.

Common Professions:

  • Physicist: Researches physical phenomena and develops theoretical models.
  • Astronomer: Studies celestial objects and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere.
  • Medical Physicist: Applies physics principles to medicine, such as in imaging and radiation therapy.
  • Quantum Physicist: Researches quantum mechanics and its applications.
  • Materials Physicist: Investigates the physical properties of materials.
  • Research Scientist: Conducts experiments and develops theories related to physical phenomena and technology.
  • Engineer: Applies principles of physics to design and develop technology and systems in various engineering disciplines.


Related Majors: Mathematics, Engineering, Astronomy/Astrophysics.


Description: The field focuses on improving health outcomes at the population level through prevention, education, and policy development.


Common Professions:

  • Public Health Administrator: Manages public health programs and services, overseeing implementation and evaluating effectiveness.
  • Health Educator: Develops and delivers educational programs and materials to promote healthy behaviors and improve public health knowledge.
  • Epidemiologist: Studies disease patterns and causes to develop strategies for disease prevention and health promotion.


Related Majors: Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Environmental Science.


Description: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, emotion, and social interactions.


Common Professions:

  • Psychologist: Provides therapy and counseling, conducts research, and applies psychological principles to help individuals and organizations.
  • Clinical Counselor: Works with individuals to address mental health issues and emotional problems through therapy.
  • Human Resources Specialist: Uses psychological principles to manage employee relations, recruitment, and organizational development.


Related Majors: Neuroscience, Sociology, Behavioral Science.


"I don't feel like I belong in science."

Why is that? Feeling like you don't belong in science is a common experience for many people. Below are several concerns that often come up and strategies to address each.

Impostor Syndrome

Many individuals, especially those from underrepresented groups, feel like they don’t belong because they worry they aren't as capable or qualified as their peers. They might fear being exposed as a "fraud" despite evidence of their competence.


Strategies:


  • Seek Feedback and Validation: Regularly ask for constructive feedback from mentors and colleagues to affirm your progress and contributions.


  • Celebrate Achievements: Keep a record of your accomplishments and positive feedback. Reviewing these can help counter feelings of inadequacy. [Action: Update your resume with every achievement!]


  • Share Experiences: Talk with peers about your feelings. Often, discussing impostor syndrome openly can reveal that many others experience the same issues.

Lack of Representation

 Seeing few role models or mentors who share similar backgrounds or experiences can make it hard to envision yourself in a scientific career. This lack of representation can amplify feelings of not fitting in.


  • Find Mentors and Role Models: Reach out to or follow others who share your background or experiences. You can do so through online platforms, conferences, webinars, etc.


  • Join Supportive Networks: Participate in professional organizations or groups in your field. 


  • Advocate for Representation: Work with institutions and organizations to promote diverse role models and inclusive practices.

Feedback and Criticism

The critical nature of peer review and the emphasis on data and results can be discouraging.


Strategies:

 

  • Learn Constructively: Approach feedback as an opportunity for growth - separate personal identity from professional critique to avoid taking criticism too personally. 


  • Develop Resilience: Build emotional resilience through support networks, counseling, or self-help strategies to handle criticism more effectively.


  • Request Specifics: When receiving feedback, ask for specific examples and actionable advice to better understand and address areas for improvement.


The keyword is "constructive". If you are an advisor, then be sure to provide constructive, realistic feedback.

Institutional Biases

Structural issues such as biases in hiring, promotion practices, and funding opportunities remain prevalent and hinder the growth of next-gen scientists. 


Strategies:


  • Advocate for Change: Engage in or support initiatives aimed at addressing biases and promoting equity within your institution or field.


  • Utilize Support Resources: Use resources, including diversity offices or ombudspersons, to report and address biases.


  • Build Alliances: Partner with others who are committed to changing institutional practices and policies for greater inclusivity.

Social Isolation

The nature of academic or research work can be isolating. Long hours, intense focus, and a competitive environment might contribute to feelings of loneliness or exclusion.


Strategies: 


  • Build a Support Network: Connect with peers, attend social or professional events, and join relevant groups to expand your network and find community.


  • Work-Life Balance: Prioritize activities outside of work to maintain a balanced life and avoid burnout. This can also help you feel more integrated into broader social contexts.


  • Collaborate: Engage in collaborative projects that foster team interactions and reduce isolation.

Academic Pressure

 The rigorous demands of scientific work, including high expectations for publication and grant success, can be overwhelming and might make people question their place in the field.


Strategies:

 

  • Set Realistic Goals: Establish achievable short-term goals to manage the pressure and create a sense of accomplishment.


  • Seek Guidance: Work with mentors or advisors to develop strategies for managing academic demands and maintaining mental health.


  • Practice Self-Care: Implement stress-reducing practices, such as regular exercise, mindfulness, or hobbies, to maintain well-being.

Subscribe!

Sign up to be the first to receive the latest resources to help you BELONG, THRIVE, and BECOME a leader in science. What to expect: new resources, productivity & well-being strategies, science job postings, upcoming webinar/conference/networking/professional development opportunities, and many more!

Copyright © 2024 Next-Gen Scientists - All Rights Reserved.

Powered by

  • About
  • Belong
  • Thrive
  • Become
  • Podcast
  • FAQs
  • Contact

This website uses cookies.

We use cookies to analyze website traffic and optimize your website experience. By accepting our use of cookies, your data will be aggregated with all other user data.

Accept